{"id":4275,"date":"2013-04-08T12:57:23","date_gmt":"2013-04-08T10:57:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/euroalter.local\/2013\/mafia-et-finance-introduction"},"modified":"2013-04-08T12:57:23","modified_gmt":"2013-04-08T10:57:23","slug":"mafia-et-finance-introduction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/euroalter.com\/it\/mafia-et-finance-introduction\/","title":{"rendered":"Mafia et finance : introduction"},"content":{"rendered":"
\tPar Alessandro Valera<\/strong>
\tTraduction par Adeline Monnin<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\u00c0 l’\u00e9vocation du mot mafia, <\/em>des images presque romantiques, dignes du Parrain<\/em> ou de la s\u00e9rie Les Sopranos<\/em>, nous viennent en t\u00eate. On se repr\u00e9sente les voyous mafieux comme des Siciliens traditionnellement v\u00eatus, parlant avec un accent et portant une arme. Beaucoup d’Europ\u00e9ens croient que le probl\u00e8me mafieux ne sort pas des fronti\u00e8res de l’Italie ou de pays \u00e9loign\u00e9s comme la Russie ou le Japon. Malheureusement, la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 est tout autre\u00a0: les mafias se sont mondialis\u00e9es en m\u00eame temps que les march\u00e9s et les \u00e9changes. On ne parle pas simplement du trafic international d’armes ou de drogues, mais surtout de \u00ab\u00a0l’argent sale\u00a0\u00bb provenant des activit\u00e9s illicites, qui est \u00ab\u00a0blanchi\u00a0\u00bb pour ensuite \u00eatre investi. Au cours des derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies, la lib\u00e9ralisation des march\u00e9s de capitaux a \u00e9norm\u00e9ment profit\u00e9 \u00e0 ce proc\u00e9d\u00e9, appel\u00e9 blanchiment d’argent<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\tM\u00eame si les organisations criminelles de diff\u00e9rents pays conservent certaines de leurs traditions, elles tendent de plus en plus \u00e0 se constituer en une soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Le mafioso<\/em> europ\u00e9en du 21\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle n’est plus seulement un Sicilien coiff\u00e9 d’un chapeau folklorique\u00a0: il est devenu un \u00e9l\u00e9gant homme d’affaire, v\u00eatu d’un costume et d\u00e9ambulant dans les rues de Londres, Francfort ou encore Milan.
\tEn 1991, le Conseil europ\u00e9en a approuv\u00e9 la directive portant sur \u00ab\u00a0la pr\u00e9vention de l’utilisation du syst\u00e8me financier aux fins du blanchiment de capitaux\u00a0\u00bb. L’objectif de cette directive est de r\u00e9guler les transactions financi\u00e8res effectu\u00e9es en Europe, afin que les groupes du crime organis\u00e9 ne puissent pas s’en servir. N\u00e9anmoins, et ce \u00e0 de nombreux \u00e9gards, cette r\u00e9glementation se r\u00e9v\u00e8le surann\u00e9e et des mesures plus s\u00e9v\u00e8res risquent de s’av\u00e9rer indispensables. Depuis quelques ann\u00e9es, les produits financiers, les interm\u00e9diaires et les institutions se multiplient. Par cons\u00e9quent, les mafias ont de moins en moins de mal \u00e0 diversifier leurs investissements. C’est en Italie que les groupes mafieux op\u00e8rent depuis le plus longtemps, mais ce pays est \u00e9galement le plus avanc\u00e9 en mati\u00e8re de lutte anti-mafia. Adopter \u00e0 une \u00e9chelle europ\u00e9enne certaines de leurs r\u00e9glementations, particuli\u00e8rement adapt\u00e9es, pourrait \u00eatre tr\u00e8s profitable.<\/p>\n

\tDans les semaines \u00e0 venir, Alternatives Europ\u00e9ennes organisera des ateliers participatifs sur ces th\u00e8mes. Ils se tiendront \u00e0 Otranto (Italie), Bucarest (Roumanie), Londres (Royaume-Uni) et Sofia (Bulgarie).<\/p><\/div>\n

\tPlus de d\u00e9tails sur ce th\u00e8me<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\tAfin de mieux comprendre ce probl\u00e8me, vous pouvez consulter cette \u00ab\u00a0m\u00e9diagraphie\u00a0\u00bb (compos\u00e9e de quelques rares documents anglais consacr\u00e9s \u00e0 cette question). Vous y trouverez des travaux universitaires, des articles de journaux, des documentaires et des enregistrements d’une conf\u00e9rence qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 tenue sur ce sujet.<\/p>\n

\tCircolo SEL Radio Londra (2011) London<\/em>: the city of Mafia<\/em> www.sinistraeliberta.co.uk\/i-nostri-eventi.php<\/a><\/p>\n

\tSantino, U. (1988) Business, Finance and Organized Crime: Proposing a Risk-Based Approach for Governance in a Law and Economics Perspective<\/em> Centro Peppino Impastato Disponible ici www.centroimpastato.it\/otherlang\/finmafiaen.php3<\/a><\/p>\n

\tSchneider, F. \u00a0 (2008) Money Laundering<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0Financial Means of\u00a0Organized<\/em>\u00a0Crime: Some Preliminary Empirical Findings <\/em>http:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=1263868<\/a><\/p>\n

\tAlessandri, A.,\u00a0 Fiandaca, G., Masciandaro, D and Vigna, P.L. (2008) Business, Finance and Organized Crime: Proposing a Risk-Based Approach for Governance in a Law and Economics Perspective (the 'Vigna Code')<\/em>
\t\u00a0http:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1136149<\/a>
\t\u00a0
\tThe Economist (2007) The toughest job in finance: a new man to tackle economic crime in Sicily <\/em>www.economist.com\/node\/9308096<\/a><\/p>\n

\tAFP (2008) Italian writer Saviano assails EU over mafia money-laundering<\/em>
\twww.youtube.com\/watch?v=_wSIU7gn_i4<\/a>
\t\u00a0
\tLa directive 91\/308\/EEC approuv\u00e9e par le Conseil le 10 juin 1991 \u00e0 Bruxelles, sur la pr\u00e9vention de l’utilisation du syst\u00e8me financier aux fins du blanchiment de capitaux. (en particulier les pages 14- 20) http:\/\/europa.eu\/legislation_summaries\/other\/l24016_en.htm<\/a>
\t\u00a0<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Par Alessandro Valera Traduction par Adeline Monnin \u00c0 l’\u00e9vocation du mot mafia, des images presque romantiques, dignes du Parrain ou de la s\u00e9rie Les Sopranos,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4275","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-european-alternatives"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMafia et finance : introduction - European Alternatives<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/euroalter.com\/mafia-et-finance-introduction\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"it_IT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mafia et finance : introduction - European Alternatives\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Par Alessandro Valera Traduction par Adeline Monnin \u00c0 l’\u00e9vocation du mot mafia, des images presque romantiques, dignes du Parrain ou de la s\u00e9rie Les Sopranos,…\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/euroalter.com\/mafia-et-finance-introduction\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"European Alternatives\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2013-04-08T10:57:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Marta Cillero\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Marta Cillero\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/euroalter.com\/mafia-et-finance-introduction\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/euroalter.com\/mafia-et-finance-introduction\/\",\"name\":\"Mafia et finance : introduction - 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