{"id":4239,"date":"2013-06-14T12:24:09","date_gmt":"2013-06-14T10:24:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/euroalter.local\/2013\/severe-mais-juste-l%c2%92approche-de-la-commission-face-a-l%c2%92adhesion-de-la-croatie"},"modified":"2013-06-14T12:24:09","modified_gmt":"2013-06-14T10:24:09","slug":"severe-mais-juste-l%c2%92approche-de-la-commission-face-a-l%c2%92adhesion-de-la-croatie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/euroalter.com\/it\/severe-mais-juste-l%c2%92approche-de-la-commission-face-a-l%c2%92adhesion-de-la-croatie\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00e9v\u00e8re mais juste ? L\u0092approche de la Commission face \u00e0 l\u0092adh\u00e9sion de la Croatie"},"content":{"rendered":"
\tPar Alessandro Polvani
\tTraduit par Audrey Ubertino<\/p>\n

\t\"\"
\tPhoto\u00a0: Flickr<\/a><\/p>\n

\tLes n\u00e9gociations pour l’adh\u00e9sion de la Croatie \u00e0 l’Union europ\u00e9enne devraient \u00eatre conclues en juin prochain, mais le sujet semble \u00eatre au point mort. La Commission a r\u00e9cemment demand\u00e9 \u00e0 ce que l’Etat redouble d’efforts, afin de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 certains crit\u00e8res, \u00e0 savoir sa coop\u00e9ration en mati\u00e8re de crimes de guerre et des efforts dans la lutte contre la corruption, qui est \u00e9videmment li\u00e9e \u00e0 une r\u00e9forme judiciaire. Ces questions sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme cruciales dans la d\u00e9cision d’autoriser l’adh\u00e9sion de la Croatie \u00e0 l’Union.<\/p><\/div>\n

\t\u00a0<\/div>\n
\tQuels sont les progr\u00e8s auxquels nous pouvons nous attendre \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard\u00a0?<\/strong><\/div>\n
\t\u00a0<\/div>\n
\tEn ce qui concerne la r\u00e9forme judiciaire, les organisations qui repr\u00e9sentent la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile croate ont publi\u00e9 une d\u00e9claration commune mi-f\u00e9vrier. Elles se sont dites pr\u00e9occup\u00e9es par le fait que la n\u00e9gociation du chapitre 23, qui concerne \u00ab\u00a0le pouvoir judiciaire et les droits fondamentaux\u00a0\u00bb, pourrait se conclure avant que des r\u00e9formes efficaces soient mises en place. Des r\u00e9formes urgentes qui rel\u00e8vent des deux cat\u00e9gories sont exig\u00e9es\u00a0: le combat contre la corruption, qui exige d’importants progr\u00e8s\u00a0; et la restructuration du syst\u00e8me judiciaire.<\/div>\n
\t\u00a0<\/div>\n
\tLa filiale croate de Transparency International – le principal groupe de r\u00e9flexion europ\u00e9en qui op\u00e8re dans le domaine de la lutte contre la corruption – fait partie des organisations qui ont r\u00e9dig\u00e9 un rapport d\u00e9taill\u00e9 sur le sujet. Les conclusions ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 d’importantes implications de corruption en Croatie, un probl\u00e8me \u00e9vident au vu des manifestations locales. Malheureusement, ces probl\u00e8mes sont \u00e9galement importants en Roumanie et en Bulgarie, qui ont achev\u00e9 le processus d’adh\u00e9sion en 2007. De plus, le rapport ind\u00e9pendant publi\u00e9 par Transparency International sugg\u00e8re que l’Indice de perception de la corruption 2010 dans ces deux pays \u00e9tait pire que celui de la Croatie.<\/div>\n
\t\u00a0<\/div>\n
\tEn ce qui concerne la restructuration du syst\u00e8me judiciaire, qui a \u00e9galement attir\u00e9 les critiques de la Commission, nous pouvons dire que des progr\u00e8s sont n\u00e9cessaires afin de s’assurer que les magistrats op\u00e8rent avec plus d’ind\u00e9pendance vis-\u00e0-vis des organes ex\u00e9cutifs. Bien qu’une nouvelle l\u00e9gislation d\u00e9fendant les libert\u00e9s civiles ait \u00e9t\u00e9 approuv\u00e9e, 57 juges ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nomm\u00e9s \u00e0 la h\u00e2te en janvier dernier, avant que la nouvelle proc\u00e9dure ne soit entr\u00e9e en vigueur. C’est un signe que la classe politique manque d’enthousiasme quant \u00e0 une r\u00e9forme efficace et substantielle. Il est \u00e9galement important de noter que les juges constitutionnels sont toujours nomm\u00e9s par un simple vote parlementaire (en Roumanie, cela n’est pas arriv\u00e9 depuis 2003, alors qu’en Bulgarie, seul un tiers des juges constitutionnels sont s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s de cette mani\u00e8re).<\/div>\n
\t\u00a0<\/div>\n
\tEn gardant cela \u00e0 l’esprit, nous pouvons consid\u00e9rer que, sous de nombreux aspects, la sauvegarde des droits civils en Croatie n’est pas pire que les r\u00e9alit\u00e9s de certaines aires communautaires, comme celles de la Bulgarie et de la Roumanie. Il est donc logique que la Croatie entre pr\u00e9matur\u00e9ment dans l’Union gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 cet argument trompeur\u00a0: si la Roumanie et la Bulgarie ont \u00e9t\u00e9 admises sans avoir objectivement achev\u00e9 leur processus de r\u00e9forme, alors cela devrait \u00e9galement \u00eatre le cas pour la Croatie. Nous maintenons que ce type de logique entra\u00eene une baisse de la condition des droits civils europ\u00e9ens et, ainsi, soutient une Europe \u00ab\u00a0\u00e0 deux vitesses\u00a0\u00bb.<\/div>\n
\t
\tIl est important de noter que l’attention que l’UE doit l\u00e9gitimement porter \u00e0 ses choix de pays candidats ne peut \u00eatre qualifi\u00e9e de p\u00e9danterie inutile ou d’attention obsessive aux d\u00e9tails. L’Europe a un grand pouvoir\u00a0: gr\u00e2ce aux m\u00e9canismes inh\u00e9rents au processus d’adh\u00e9sion, elle peut influencer les changements dans les pays qui sont candidats \u00e0 l’adh\u00e9sion. Ce pouvoir, connu sous le nom d’europ\u00e9anisation, peut permettre \u00e0 la Croatie de faire d’\u00e9normes progr\u00e8s en termes de libert\u00e9 civile. Il est cependant n\u00e9cessaire d’\u00eatre rigoureux lors de la conception de crit\u00e8res indicatifs pour chaque chapitre de n\u00e9gociation.\u00a0<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Par Alessandro Polvani Traduit par Audrey Ubertino Photo\u00a0: Flickr Les n\u00e9gociations pour l’adh\u00e9sion de la Croatie \u00e0 l’Union europ\u00e9enne devraient \u00eatre conclues en juin prochain,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4239","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-european-alternatives"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nS\u00e9v\u00e8re mais juste ? 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